When you use Payment Terminal for Stripe with Enable 3D Secure, credit card information section is not loaded.

Sample Javascript error:
Refused to frame 'https://kulturra-test-dev-ed--fw1.na94.visual.force.com/' because an ancestor violates the following Content Security Policy directive: "frame-ancestors 'self'".

Solution:

Go to Setup | Security | Session Settings, in the Clickjack Protection section, untick the ‘Enable clickjack protection for customer Visualforce pages with headers disabled’ box.